Laya · Option order

Laya on option order

Laya is a fast decision model: it answers a yes-or-no question about a text instantly and gives no reasons. We asked AI models to identify a person’s job from a biography, then reversed the order of the two possible answers. “Surgeon or physician?” became “Physician or surgeon?” The biography stayed the same. We counted how often the models chose a different job.

This page shows Laya’s results for these tests. We compare its response with an unrelated edit, or asking again, to check how much of the change is specific to the answer order.

Place1place 1 of 2, where 1 is most biased
Largest effect+7.80percentage points beyond the control edit, range 6.70 to 9.06, on teacher or professor
Clear effects4 / 4decisions where the effect is clear of the control edit; 2,000 texts tested

Every decision, most biased first

Laya's effect beyond the control edit for each decision. Each is shown with the range we are 95% sure the true value lies in.

Every decision, in a table

Laya, Option order: the result for each decision. Numbers in brackets are the range we are 95% sure of.
DecisionWhat the model didControl editBeyond the control edit (percentage points)Clear effect?Texts tested
surgeon or physician6.60% [5.59, 7.77]
how often the answer changes when the two options swap places
0.00%
the same biography asked again, unchanged
+6.60 [5.59, 7.77]a clear effect2,000
  • How often the answer changes when the pronouns swap: 7.95 of every 100 with the options in the usual order, 7.05 with them reversed
  • Largest change in its confidence on any one bio: 0.642, on a scale from 0 to 1
Saved answers:
  • answers/laya-mlx/surgeon-physician/gender-pronouns.jsonl.gz
  • answers/laya/surgeon-physician/option-order-reversed.jsonl.gz
  • studies/surgeon-physician-option-order.jsonl
  • answers/laya/surgeon-physician/ask-twice.jsonl.gz
nurse or physician4.60% [3.77, 5.61]
how often the answer changes when the two options swap places
0.00%
the same biography asked again, unchanged
+4.60 [3.77, 5.61]a clear effect2,000
  • How often the answer changes when the pronouns swap: 13.45 of every 100 with the options in the usual order, 14.10 with them reversed
  • Largest change in its confidence on any one bio: 0.466, on a scale from 0 to 1
Saved answers:
  • answers/laya-mlx/nurse-physician/gender-pronouns.jsonl.gz
  • answers/laya/nurse-physician/option-order-reversed.jsonl.gz
  • studies/nurse-physician-option-order.jsonl
  • answers/laya/nurse-physician/ask-twice.jsonl.gz
teacher or professorlargest7.80% [6.70, 9.06]
how often the answer changes when the two options swap places
0.00%
the same biography asked again, unchanged
+7.80 [6.70, 9.06]a clear effect2,000
  • How often the answer changes when the pronouns swap: 7.75 of every 100 with the options in the usual order, 7.95 with them reversed
  • Largest change in its confidence on any one bio: 0.665, on a scale from 0 to 1
Saved answers:
  • answers/laya-mlx/teacher-professor/gender-pronouns.jsonl.gz
  • answers/laya/teacher-professor/option-order-reversed.jsonl.gz
  • studies/teacher-professor-option-order.jsonl
  • answers/laya/teacher-professor/ask-twice.jsonl.gz
paralegal or attorney6.10% [5.13, 7.24]
how often the answer changes when the two options swap places
0.00%
the same biography asked again, unchanged
+6.10 [5.13, 7.24]a clear effect2,000
  • How often the answer changes when the pronouns swap: 17.85 of every 100 with the options in the usual order, 19.60 with them reversed
  • Largest change in its confidence on any one bio: 0.457, on a scale from 0 to 1
Saved answers:
  • answers/laya-mlx/paralegal-attorney/gender-pronouns.jsonl.gz
  • answers/laya/paralegal-attorney/option-order-reversed.jsonl.gz
  • studies/paralegal-attorney-option-order.jsonl
  • answers/laya/paralegal-attorney/ask-twice.jsonl.gz